Which term describes the justification of the state to protect individuals from harm?

The correct term that describes the justification of the state to protect individuals from harm is paternalism. Paternalism in a legal and philosophical context refers to the practice of limiting a person's or group's liberty or autonomy for their own good. This can manifest in laws and regulations implemented by the state that aim to safeguard individuals from potential harm, based on the belief that the government should intervene in the personal affairs of individuals for their own benefit.

In many situations, such as public health laws or regulations regarding dangerous substances, the state takes a paternalistic approach by asserting that it knows what is best for its citizens, thereby protecting them from making potentially harmful choices. This perspective balances the respect for individual freedoms with the recognition that sometimes, intervention is necessary to prevent harm.

While the other options represent different philosophical viewpoints, they do not specifically emphasize the state's role in protecting individuals. Libertarianism, for instance, strongly advocates for personal freedom and minimal state intervention. Utilitarianism focuses on the greatest good for the greatest number without explicitly addressing state intervention. Individualism emphasizes personal independence and self-reliance, often minimizing the role of the state in personal choices. Thus, paternalism is the most fitting term in the context of justifying state intervention to protect individuals