What is conciliation in the context of dispute resolution?

Conciliation is a method of resolving disputes where a neutral third party facilitates communication between the parties involved and actively proposes solutions or compromises to help them reach an agreement. This process is less formal than arbitration and often aims to assist both sides in finding a mutually acceptable resolution, rather than making a binding decision. The role of the conciliator is more interventionist compared to a mediator, who typically facilitates dialogue without suggesting specific outcomes.

In contrast to conciliation, arbitration is a formal process where an arbitrator makes binding decisions, which is why the second option is not correct. The third option, involving negotiation among parties without assistance, does not align with the definition of conciliation, which actively incorporates a third party. Finally, the fourth option relating to litigation in court is also distinctly different from conciliation, as litigation involves a legal process where a judge makes a determination, rather than a collaborative effort to resolve a dispute.