What does the 'but for' test establish in negligence claims?

The 'but for' test is a crucial component in determining causation within negligence claims. Specifically, it establishes a direct link between the defendant's breach of duty and the injury sustained by the claimant. According to the test, a claimant must demonstrate that 'but for' the defendant's actions, the injury would not have occurred. This means if it can be shown that the harm would not have happened without the defendant's negligent behavior, a causal connection is successfully established. This framework is essential in negligence cases, as it helps to clarify whether the defendant's conduct was a fundamental cause of the harm suffered by the claimant.

Understanding this test is vital, as it directly impacts the court's decision on whether the defendant can be held liable for the damages incurred. The other options do not address this core aspect of causation in negligence—such as inevitability of damage, lawful acts, or intent—which are distinct considerations and do not specifically define the relationship needed for establishing liability in a negligence claim.